The renewed interest in fruit growing following the advent of the market economy and the instability of cotton prices has led to an increase in the area of citrus fruits, mango orchards and cashew trees in the municipality of Kangala. This is why, the objective of this research is to map changes in land use and to analyze the invasion of fruit tree species in the town of Kangala in Burkina Faso. To do this, a methodology based on the exploitation of Landsat images in order to analyze the dynamics of land use and an ecological approach aimed at evaluating the floristic diversity of the municipality were adopted. The floristic inventory of woody species was carried out on 40 surveys of 1000 m2 for riparian formations and 2500 m2 for other plant strata. The results attest to a strong anthropization pressure on natural resources. From 18.57% in 1990, the area of fields increased to 22.18% in 2018. The area of orchards followed the same evolutionary dynamic, increasing from 10.68% in 1990 to 35.32% in 2018. While riparian formations, savannas, bodies of water and bare areas respectively declined from 4.76%; 63.76%; 0.23% and 2% in 1990 to 2.22%; 40.14%; 40.14%; 40.14%; 0.02% and 0.13% in 2018. The species richness is 167 species belonging to 106 genera divided into 41 families. The four main families that colonize the plant group are Mimosaceae (12.57%), Combretraceae (10.77%) and Cesalpiniaceae (7.78%). The plant group is being invaded by exogenous species such as Citrus limon (11.85%), Citrus sinensis (12.5%), Citrus grandis (15%), Mangifera indica (25%), Mangifera indica (25%) and by Anacardium occidentale (85%).